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　　口譯譯員要善于在短促的時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確地把握兩種語(yǔ)言的反復(fù)轉(zhuǎn)換，下面尚語(yǔ)證件翻譯公司給大家分享口譯工作需要注意什么問(wèn)題?

　　The interpreter should be good at mastering the repeated conversion of the two languages in a short time. What should be paid attention to when sharing the interpretation work?

　　1、事前準(zhǔn)備是做好口譯的基礎(chǔ)

　　1. Preparation in advance is the basis of good interpretation

　　接受口譯任務(wù)后,一定要做一些必要的準(zhǔn)備工作(時(shí)間可長(zhǎng)可短,視具體情況而定),包括語(yǔ)言上、技術(shù)上和心理上的準(zhǔn)備。首先要對(duì)翻譯的內(nèi)容有所了解。再則,就是找項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人了解情況,對(duì)項(xiàng)目情況熟悉了,翻譯起來(lái)自然就比較順手。口譯工作有時(shí)侯是以講課方式進(jìn)行的技術(shù)交流。遇有這種情況,應(yīng)對(duì)講課人的課題內(nèi)容,聽(tīng)眾的基本情況都有所了解,才不至于臨場(chǎng)慌亂。要重視和外賓的第一次見(jiàn)面、安排日程等活動(dòng)。這種活動(dòng)一般不涉及很深的技術(shù)內(nèi)容,我們可以把它看作正式翻譯的一種準(zhǔn)備。首先,你可以通過(guò)這種初次見(jiàn)面了解并逐漸適應(yīng)外賓的語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)調(diào)。搞翻譯的人都知道,外國(guó)人的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)五花八門(mén)。比如一個(gè)講英語(yǔ)的代表團(tuán)并不一定每個(gè)成員都來(lái)自英美國(guó)家,即使這樣,也不一定都是正宗的英國(guó)人或美國(guó)人,其中往往有亞裔、非裔或歐裔等,其口音大不相同。這就要求口譯人員不僅能聽(tīng)懂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)外語(yǔ),而且要能很快適應(yīng)各種怪腔怪調(diào)、不規(guī)范的外語(yǔ)。再則,通過(guò)初步接觸,也能對(duì)談判或講課的內(nèi)容有所了解(在事前沒(méi)有充分的時(shí)間進(jìn)行案頭準(zhǔn)備的情況下,這種了解十分重要),更為重要的是,這種初步接觸可以消除臨場(chǎng)的緊張感,為下一步正式場(chǎng)合的翻譯做好心理準(zhǔn)備。另外,還有一種準(zhǔn)備方式,效果更好,這就是和講話(huà)人共同準(zhǔn)備,商定講話(huà)綱要,這實(shí)際上等于先打一個(gè)草稿。有些場(chǎng)合可以這樣做:如談判時(shí)中方要提的問(wèn)題、宴會(huì)或其它比較正式的場(chǎng)合可以預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備講話(huà)內(nèi)容的開(kāi)幕詞和祝酒辭等。口譯任務(wù)中最讓人頭疼的是講話(huà)人事先準(zhǔn)備了講稿,照稿宣讀,而譯員對(duì)這份講稿事前又一無(wú)所知。這無(wú)異乎用口譯的方式做筆譯的工作。一旦遇到這種情況,譯員當(dāng)然也不能回避,只能靠其平時(shí)的功底,盡自己最大努力來(lái)完成。

　　After receiving the interpretation task, we must do some necessary preparations (the time can be long or short, depending on the specific situation), including linguistic, technical and psychological preparations. First of all, we should understand the content of translation. In addition, it is to find the person in charge of the project to understand the situation. If you are familiar with the situation of the project, the translation will be easier. Sometimes interpretation work is a technical exchange in the form of lectures. In this case, we should know the subject content of the lecturer and the basic information of the audience, so as not to panic on the spot. We should attach importance to the first meeting with foreign guests, scheduling and other activities. This kind of activity generally does not involve deep technical content. We can regard it as a preparation for formal translation. First of all, you can understand and gradually adapt to the language and tone of foreign guests through this first meeting. As all translators know, foreigners have a variety of pronunciation and intonation. For example, an English speaking delegation doesn't have to come from British and American countries. Even so, it doesn't have to be authentic Britons or Americans, often including Asian, African or European, with very different accents. This requires the interpreter not only to understand the standard foreign language, but also to be able to quickly adapt to all kinds of strange and irregular foreign languages. Moreover, through preliminary contact, you can also understand the contents of the negotiation or lecture (this understanding is very important when there is not enough time for desk preparation in advance). More importantly, this preliminary contact can eliminate the tension on the spot and prepare for the translation in the next formal occasion. In addition, there is a better way to prepare, that is, to prepare together with the speaker and agree on the outline of the speech, which is actually equivalent to making a draft first. In some occasions, we can do this: for example, the questions to be raised by the Chinese side during negotiations, banquets or other more formal occasions, we can prepare the opening speech and toast of the speech in advance. The most troublesome task of interpretation is that the speaker prepared the speech first and read it out according to it, while the interpreter knew nothing about the speech in advance. This is no different from the way of translation. Once encountering this kind of situation, the translator can't avoid it, and can only rely on his usual skills and try his best to complete it.

　　2、編輯是做好口譯的必要環(huán)節(jié)

　　2. Editing is a necessary part of interpreting

　　這里的編輯不是指文書(shū)編輯而是指譯者在聽(tīng)清并理解了講話(huà)人的話(huà)語(yǔ)后,要能夠判斷出哪些是他真正要講的話(huà),哪些是沒(méi)有用的、重復(fù)啰嗦的廢話(huà),從而對(duì)其進(jìn)行刪減和調(diào)整。那么,這樣做是否有悖于翻譯的忠實(shí)原則呢?不。因?yàn)?口語(yǔ)自有口語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。講話(huà)人在即席發(fā)言時(shí),腦子里往往只有一個(gè)中心思想,但是具體表達(dá)和選詞造句時(shí)常常是想到哪說(shuō)到哪。有時(shí)講話(huà)人為了闡述一個(gè)中心思想,會(huì)反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)或用不同方式說(shuō)明同一個(gè)內(nèi)容。因此,口語(yǔ)不可能像書(shū)面語(yǔ)那樣嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),甚至有的講話(huà)人本來(lái)就不善言詞,經(jīng)常會(huì)說(shuō)出一些不完整的、不知所云的話(huà)。這種情況中國(guó)人有,外國(guó)人也有。這時(shí),譯員就要善于綜合,要在不遺漏講話(huà)基本內(nèi)容的前提下,敢于刪掉那些廢話(huà),使譯出的話(huà)語(yǔ)條理清楚,語(yǔ)意完整,自成篇章。只有這樣才能真正忠于講話(huà)人的精神實(shí)質(zhì),否則一味追求逐字逐句的照譯,反而會(huì)給人零亂、不忠的感覺(jué)。至于哪些話(huà)要譯出,哪些話(huà)要?jiǎng)h除,這要靠具有綜合知識(shí)的譯員去判斷。絕不能以編輯為由對(duì)講話(huà)人的話(huà)大打折扣,傷筋動(dòng)骨。這不僅僅是翻譯水平問(wèn)題,而且也是翻譯的職業(yè)道德問(wèn)題。翻譯中適當(dāng)進(jìn)行編輯為的是更好地傳達(dá)講話(huà)人的精神實(shí)質(zhì),而不是為了偷工減料或回避難點(diǎn)。

　　The editor here does not refer to the document editor, but refers to the translator who, after listening to and understanding the speaker's words, should be able to judge what he really wants to say and what is useless and repetitive nonsense, so as to delete and adjust it. So, is this against the principle of faithfulness in translation? No. Because spoken language has its own characteristics. When a speaker is making an impromptu speech, there is usually only one central idea in his mind, but when he expresses and selects words and sentences, he often thinks of what to say. Sometimes in order to explain a central idea, the speaker will repeatedly emphasize or explain the same content in different ways. Therefore, spoken language can not be as rigorous as written language, and even some speakers are not good at words, often saying some incomplete, unintelligible words. In this case, there are both Chinese and foreigners. At this time, the translator should be good at synthesis, dare to delete those nonsense without omitting the basic content of the speech, so that the translated words are clear, complete and self-contained. Only in this way can we be truly loyal to the spiritual essence of the speaker. Otherwise, if we blindly pursue word for word translation, it will give us a sense of disorder and disloyalty. As for which words need to be translated and which words need to be deleted, it depends on the translator with comprehensive knowledge to judge. Never discount the speaker's words on the basis of editors. This is not only a question of translation level, but also a question of professional ethics in translation. Proper editing in translation aims to better convey the spiritual essence of the speaker, not to cut corners or avoid difficulties.

　　3、記要點(diǎn)是確保翻譯質(zhì)量的有效手段

　　3. Remember the main points is an effective way to ensure the quality of translation

　　記要點(diǎn),是記講話(huà)人的講話(huà)要點(diǎn)而不是原講話(huà)的句式和單詞。由于口語(yǔ)工作的特點(diǎn),需要在極短的時(shí)間內(nèi)及時(shí)傳達(dá)講話(huà)人的意思,所以,要求譯員在聽(tīng)懂原話(huà)的內(nèi)容后立即忘掉原話(huà)的詞匯和句式,用規(guī)范的另一種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái)。如果不能立即忘掉原話(huà)的單詞和句式,就容易造成譯出的語(yǔ)言或者是漢語(yǔ)式的外語(yǔ),或者是洋味的漢語(yǔ),使聽(tīng)者感到別扭,影響交流。這里所講的記要點(diǎn)可以是腦記也可以是筆記。有的翻譯人員喜歡在翻譯時(shí)用筆速記,試圖把所講的內(nèi)容全部記下來(lái),以為這樣可以幫助記憶,我認(rèn)為這樣反而會(huì)妨礙記憶的速度和表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確,因?yàn)檫@樣中間多了一道手續(xù),等于把注意力分散了。當(dāng)然,當(dāng)一連出現(xiàn)好幾個(gè)數(shù)字或人名地名時(shí),由于中外文數(shù)字表達(dá)方式不同和英文名字難記的特點(diǎn),翻譯起來(lái)感到費(fèi)力,所以借助筆記也是必不可少的。筆記不可少,但不宜太多。

　　To remember the main points is to remember the main points of the speaker rather than the sentence patterns and words of the original speech. Due to the characteristics of oral work, it is necessary to convey the speaker's meaning in a very short time. Therefore, the interpreter is required to forget the words and sentence patterns of the original words immediately after understanding the content of the original words and express them in another standard language. If we can't immediately forget the original words and sentences, it is easy to cause the translated language or Chinese style foreign language, or foreign flavor Chinese, which makes the listener feel uncomfortable and affects communication. The main points of note taking here can be brain notes or notes. Some translators like to take shorthand when translating, trying to write down all the content they have said, thinking that it can help memory. I think it will hinder the speed of memory and the accuracy of expression, because there is an extra procedure in the middle, which is equivalent to distraction. Of course, when several numbers or people's names appear in a row, it is difficult to translate because of the different ways of number expression in Chinese and foreign languages and the difficulty of English names, so it is necessary to use notes. Notes are necessary, but not too much.

　　4、樹(shù)立信心是做好口譯的保證

　　4. Confidence is the guarantee of good interpretation

　　不論什么場(chǎng)合,都要相信自己的翻譯能力。如果沒(méi)有信心,翻譯過(guò)程中遇到幾句聽(tīng)不明白的話(huà),就會(huì)更加慌亂,越慌則越譯不好。聽(tīng)不懂時(shí),要實(shí)事求是,不能不懂裝懂,憑感覺(jué)亂發(fā)揮。多問(wèn)兩次并不丟人,千萬(wàn)不能以為多問(wèn)了顯得水平低、丟面子,因而當(dāng)問(wèn)不問(wèn),造成錯(cuò)誤。有時(shí)在翻譯時(shí)漏譯了幾句,在譯下面一段時(shí)因?yàn)樯舷挛牡年P(guān)系又想起來(lái)了,這時(shí)可以直接補(bǔ)進(jìn)去,而不必專(zhuān)門(mén)向聽(tīng)眾說(shuō)明。這種情況,很多譯員可能都遇到過(guò),特別是在外賓講得興奮、一口氣講很長(zhǎng)時(shí),或者是由于翻譯時(shí)間長(zhǎng),譯員腦力疲勞時(shí)容易發(fā)生這種情況。說(shuō)明,反而容易分散聽(tīng)眾的注意力,影響聽(tīng)眾的情緒,當(dāng)然也就影響了翻譯的整體效果。

　　Believe in your translation ability no matter where you are. If you don't have confidence, you will be more flustered if you encounter a few sentences that you can't understand. The more flustered you are, the worse your translation will be. When you can't understand it, you should be practical and realistic. You can't pretend to understand it without knowing it, and play it by feeling. It's not disgraceful to ask twice more. You should not think that asking more is low level and disgraceful. Therefore, if you don't ask, you will make mistakes. Sometimes a few sentences are missed in the translation. When the next paragraph is translated, it is recalled because of the context. At this time, it can be added directly without explaining to the audience. Many translators may have encountered this situation, especially when the foreign guests are excited, speak for a long time at a time, or because of the long translation time, the interpreters are prone to mental fatigue. It shows that it is easy to distract the audience's attention and affect the audience's mood, which, of course, affects the overall effect of translation.

　　5、廣博的知識(shí)是做好口譯的前提

　　5. Extensive knowledge is the premise of good interpretation

　　口譯工作,涉及面很廣,有時(shí)事先無(wú)法預(yù)料。這就需要我們平時(shí)多注意知識(shí)的積累。科技翻譯的譯員一般比較重視專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí),但是,搞科技翻譯只有專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)和翻譯知識(shí)是不夠的,都說(shuō)翻譯是“雜家”,這話(huà)千真萬(wàn)確。翻譯人員對(duì)百科知識(shí)不需要很精很深,但是要博、要雜。

　　Interpretation involves a wide range of work, sometimes unpredictably. This requires us to pay more attention to the accumulation of knowledge. Generally speaking, translators of sci-tech translation attach more importance to the study of professional knowledge. However, it is not enough to only have professional knowledge and translation knowledge in sci-tech translation. They all say that translation is a "miscellany", which is absolutely true. Translators don't need to be very precise and deep in encyclopedia knowledge, but they need to be broad and complicated.

　　6、注意禮儀是對(duì)譯員的基本要求

　　6. Attention to etiquette is the basic requirement for translators

　　此外口譯人員也會(huì)遇到這種情況：出外考察和訪(fǎng)問(wèn)時(shí),外國(guó)政要接見(jiàn)中國(guó)代表團(tuán)的講話(huà),而這種講話(huà)往往是單向的,很難指望講話(huà)人會(huì)按翻譯要求停頓,尤其是講到感興趣的地方會(huì)口惹懸河,滔滔不絕,結(jié)果聽(tīng)眾不知所云,翻譯無(wú)能為力。因?yàn)橥赓e不懂得翻譯的難處,也沒(méi)有講話(huà)停頓的習(xí)慣。為了避免這種情況,譯員要盡可能預(yù)先向講話(huà)人提示。萬(wàn)一講話(huà)人總是忘記停頓,譯員也不宜過(guò)多插話(huà)要求停頓而表現(xiàn)出不安或不滿(mǎn),這樣會(huì)有失禮貌,打斷講話(huà)人思路,尤其是對(duì)年長(zhǎng)者或政府要人更要謹(jǐn)慎。口譯工作是一種艱苦而細(xì)致的勞動(dòng),不但要求譯員有較高的外語(yǔ)水平和熟練的翻譯技巧,同時(shí)要求譯員有較淵博的科學(xué)文化知識(shí)。因此希望有志于成為口譯員的備考者們，在努力提高翻譯技巧的同時(shí)，不要忘記在其他方面知識(shí)的吸收。

　　In addition, interpreters will also encounter this situation: when they go abroad for investigation and visit, foreign politicians will receive the speech of the Chinese delegation, which is usually one-way, and it is difficult to expect that the speaker will stop according to the translation requirements, especially when talking about the places of interest, which will cause trouble and eloquence, resulting in the audience's ignorance and inability to translate. Because foreign guests don't understand the difficulties of translation and don't have the habit of speaking pause. In order to avoid this situation, the interpreter should remind the speaker in advance as much as possible. In case the speaker always forgets to pause, the interpreter should not intervene too much to ask for a pause and show uneasiness or dissatisfaction, which will be impolite and interrupt the speaker's thinking, especially for the elderly or the important people of the government. Interpretation is a hard and meticulous work, which requires not only a high level of foreign language and skilled translation skills, but also a profound knowledge of science and culture. Therefore, I hope that the candidates who are willing to become interpreters will not forget to absorb other knowledge while trying to improve their translation skills.